Context-free grammars to detect straight segments and a novel polygonal approximation method

A new method for the polygonal approximation is presented. The method is based on the search for break points through a context-free grammar, that accepts digital straight segments with loss of information, as well as the decrease in the error committed employing the comparison of a tolerable error. We present an application of our method to different sets of objects widely used, as well as a comparison of our results with the best results reported in the literature, proving that our method achieves better values of error criteria. Besides, a new way to find polygonal approximations, with context-free grammars to recognize digital straight segments without loss of pixels, it is also addressed.     

HACCP在浓香菜籽油生产中的应用

为了保障浓香菜籽油的产品质量安全,采用HACCP体系对浓香菜籽油生产全过程进行生物、物理、化学的危害分析,确定关键控制点,制定预防措施,并对生产环节进行有效监控,制定纠偏措施,做好记录管理,为浓香菜籽油的安全生产提供借鉴。     

Constrained differential evolution with multiobjective sorting mutation operators for constrained optimization

Differential evolution (DE) is a simple and powerful evolutionary algorithm for global optimization. DE with constraint handling techniques, named constrained differential evolution (CDE), can be used to solve constrained optimization problems (COPs). In existing CDEs, the parents are randomly selected from the current population to produce trial vectors. However, individuals with fitness and diversity information should have more chances to be selected. This study proposes a new CDE framework that uses nondominated sorting mutation operator based on fitness and diversity information, named MS-CDE. In MS-CDE, firstly, the fitness of each individual in the population is calculated according to the current population situation. Secondly, individuals in the current population are ranked according to their fitness and diversity contribution. Lastly, parents in the mutation operators are selected in proportion to their rankings based on fitness and diversity. Thus, promising individuals with better fitness and diversity are more likely to be selected as parents. The MS-CDE framework can be applied to most CDE variants. In this study, the framework is applied to two popular representative CDE variants, (μ + λ)-CDE and ECHT-DE. Experiment results on 24 benchmark functions from CEC’2006 and 18 benchmark functions from CEC’2010 show that the proposed framework is an effective approach to enhance the performance of CDE algorithms.     

A review on spindle thermal error compensation in machine tools

Thermal error caused by the thermal deformation is one of the most significant factors influencing the accuracy of the machine tool. Among all the heat sources which lead to the thermal distortions, the spindle is the main one. This paper presents an overview of the research about the compensation of the spindle thermal error. Thermal error compensation is considered as a more convenient, effective and cost-efficient way to reduce the thermal error compared with other thermal error control and reduction methods. Based on the analytical calculation, numerical analysis and experimental tests of the spindle thermal error, the thermal error models are established and then applied for implementing the thermal error compensation. Different kinds of methods adopted in testing, modeling and compensating are listed and discussed. In addition, because the thermal key points are vital to the temperature testing, thermal error modeling, and even influence the effectiveness of compensation, various approaches of selecting thermal key points are introduced as well. This paper aims to give a basic introduction of the whole process of the spindle thermal error compensation and presents a summary of methods applied on different topics of it.     

Estimation of a preference map of new consumers for spatial load forecasting simulation methods using a spatial analysis of points

The paper presents a spatial analysis of points especially suited to estimate a preference map for new consumers, which is then used as an analytical tool in spatial electric load forecasting. This approach is an exploratory spatial data analysis used to discover useful point patterns in the spatial location of distribution transformers to calculate a preference value for each area, rating it with respect to a hypothetical load change that may occur. We consider the locations of distribution transformers occupied land. Random points are generated in the study area where the new loads are expected; these points are referred to as unoccupied land. The method uses a generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the probability of unoccupied land becoming occupied land. We test the approach with data from a real distribution system in a mid-size city in Brazil; the result is a preference map that shows the areas where new consumers are most likely to be allocated. The main advantage of this method is the ability work with a small-scale resolution, which enables the use of a resolution suitable for spatial load forecasting method chosen. We test the calculated probabilities in a spatial load forecasting simulation, yielding results with lower spatial error when compared with the heuristic technique.     

Effects of oxygen concentration on the macroscopic characteristic indexes of high-temperature oxidation of coal

To explore the macroscopic characteristic indexes for oxidation of coal under high-temperature conditions, an XKGW-1-type high-temperature-programmed heating experimental system was constructed. Tests on high-temperature oxidation of coal under high-temperature conditions at five oxygen concentrations of 21, 17, 13, 8, and 3 vol% were independently conducted. Laws of variation in high-temperature oxidation of coal indices, such as the coal temperature, gas ratios, rate of oxygen consumption, and exothermic strength from indoor temperature to 500 °C, were investigated at those oxygen concentrations. The results showed that the variation tendencies of characteristic indices for high-temperature oxidation of coal at different oxygen concentrations were extremely intricate. At the five oxygen concentrations, the rate of oxygen consumption increased rapidly with an increase in coal temperature and eventually remained at a higher range. The rate of oxygen consumption increased with temperature with an approximate exponential trend at the five oxygen concentrations tested. For the same coal temperature, the rate of oxygen consumption decreased with the oxygen concentration. The variation tendencies of the CO and CO₂ production rates were similar, both increased rapidly with an increase in coal temperature in the early stages and reached a maximum at a coal temperature of 380 °C. They decreased slightly with an increase in coal temperature at first and increased promptly thereafter. The concentrations of CH₄, C₂H₄, and C₂H₆ first increased with an increase in the coal temperature and markedly decreased after the maximal value. The temperatures for the extreme points were 480, 410, and 420 °C for CH₄, C₂H₄, and C₂H₆, respectively. The trends of the macroscopic characteristic indexes throughout the process of high-temperature oxidation of coal in a certain temperature range at various oxygen concentrations can be used for temperature prediction and fire prevention during coal mining.     

Modelling multiphasic starch digestograms: an objective procedure for slope discontinuities†

Digestograms of 101 published in vitro starch digestion were used to investigate slope discontinuities. Polynomial equations (1 to 3 orders) adequately described the first derivative of the digestograms. The derivative(s) of the equations revealed critical point(s). The third-order equation described (P ≤ 0.05) 17% of the digestograms as triphasic, the second- and third-order equations identified (P ≤ 0.05) 32% as biphasic, while 51% exhibited (P ≤ 0.05) monophasic digestograms. Using nonlinear regression with practical constraints, a modified first-order kinetic model (D_t = D₀ + D_∞−0 {1 − exp [−K t]}) described (r² > 0.56, P ≤ 0.05) segments 1–3 of the digestograms. Rapid-slow and slow-rapid digestion rates were obtained, and maximum digestible starches, D_∞, ≤100g/100g (dry) starch for an in-depth understanding of starch digestion. This is the first comprehensive objective approach for slope discontinuities in starch digestograms for consistency in modelling digestograms that advances starch digestion studies.     

工程造价管理技术要点的重构

以工程项目为视角,对工程造价管理的技术要点进行重构。提出以建设单位为龙头,调动建设项目全体参与者;以实现节约项目一次性投资(建设期投入)和项目全寿命的经济性预期,力争项目参与各方利益最大化为目标,运用计划、组织、领导、控制等管理手段,对工程造价进行全过程、全方位、全要素和目标协同管理,以尽可能地降低工程造价,实现预定的经济效益。     

浅析接地装置防腐及措施

接地装置是接地体和接地总线的总称,保持其良好接地状态是确保人身、设备以及构筑物安全的重要环节。使用过程中,接地装置尤其容易遭受腐蚀破坏,进而会影响其接地防护效果。文章详细分析了接地装置腐蚀的部位、原因和种类;在此基础上,介绍了五类防腐技术措施;此外,对接地装置的施工要点也进行了分析。     

青草沙水库水质监测布点的优化

青草沙水库建成后已成为上海市最重要的饮用水水源地,合理的监测垂线设置对准确掌握水库水质状况有着重要作用。运用TOPSIS法和物元分析法两种手段对水库现有的10条监测垂线进行优化论证,两种方法的优化结果相同,均优化成8条监测垂线。并对结果的合理性进行论证,对不同时段的数据进行分析,结果表明优化结果受水质季节性变化影响较小;优化后的8条监测垂线空间分布均匀,相邻垂线之间无明显的水质突变,表明优化后的点位已能较好地反映库区水环境。